This Views Prose |
Poetic Justice | ||||
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Whatever we may think of the possibilities of direct divine intervention in the affairs of the universe, it is quite evident that the writer can and often does intervene at any moment in the development of his own story; he is absolute master, able to perform any miracle he likes. I do not mean that he can invent undiscovered planets or people the world with monsters unknown to natural history that kind of thing is a tale about marvels, not a tale abruptly modified by marvels. I mean simply that he can twist either character or plot from the course of its nature by an exertion of arbitrary power. He can slay inconvenient characters, effect abrupt conversions, or bring about accidents or convulsions of nature to rescue the characters from the consequences of their own conduct. He can, in fact, behave exactly as, in our more egotistical and unenlightened petitions, we try to persuade God to behave. Whether we mock at miracles or demand miracles, this is the kind of miracle we usually mean. We mean that the judgment of natural law is to be abrogated by some power extraneous to the persons and circumstances. If we by analogy call God the Creator we are thereby admitting that it is possible for Him to work miracles; but if we examine more closely the implications of our analogy, we may be driven to ask ourselves how far it is really desirable that He should do anything of the kind. For the example of the writers who indulge in miracle is not altogether encouraging. Poetic justice (the name often given to artistic miracle-mongering) may be comforting, but we regretfully recognize that it is very bad art. Poetic justice is indeed the wrong name to give it, since it is neither poetry nor justice; there is a true poetic justice, which we know better by the name of tragic irony, which is of the nature of judgment and is the most tremendous power in literature as in life but in that there is no element of miracle. What we commonly mean by poetic justice is a system of rewards and punishments bestowed, like their nursery exemplars, because you have been good and because you have been naughty or sometimes simply with the object of keeping the children quiet. |
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Dorothy Sayers (1893-1957) |
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The Mind of the Maker (1941) |
The Defense of Liberty | ||||
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What constitutes the bulwark of our own liberty and independence?
It is not our frowning battlements, our bristling seacoasts, the guns of
our war steamers, or the strength of our gallant and disciplined army. These
are not our reliance against a resumption of tyranny in our fair land. All
of them may be turned against our liberties, without making us stronger
or weaker for the struggle. Our reliance is in the love of liberty
which God has planted in our bosoms. Our defense is in the preservation
of the spirit which prizes liberty as the heritage of all men, in all lands,
everywhere. Destroy this spirit, and you have planted the seeds of despotism
around your own doors. Familiarize yourselves with the chains of bondage,
and you are preparing your own limbs to wear them. Accustomed to trample
on the rights of those around you, you have lost the genius of your own
independence, and become the fit subjects of the first cunning tyrant who rises. |
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Abraham Lincoln
(1809-1865) |
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from Speech at
Edwardsville, Illinois, September 11, 1858 Collected Works Volume III p. 95 |
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