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PAT
Answers: Its time to stop taking the likes of Paul Ehrlich seriously.
(Pete Du Pont)
So how did the leading environmentalists get it so wrong in the
1970s? Perhaps the most important reason was a profound misunderstanding
of the way the world works. The root of the misconception was Paul Ehrlich
and John Holdens famous equation: I = PAT. The negative Impact of
humans on the environment, they said, is the product of Population times
Affluence times Technology. A bigger population was a bad thing because
people consume resources and need houses and roads and so forth. More
affluence was bad too as it allowed greater capita consumption of resources,
and that must be multiplied by the negative impact of the technology necessary
to produce the resources consumed.... What was missing in this view was
the greatest resource of all the human mind and its ability to
develop efficient technologies that would improve the quality of life.
Missing was the understanding that more electricity for more operating
rooms to do more heart surgery was a good thing. More fertilizer meant
less acreage had to be tilled, thus saving and actually expanding
the forests. More production of goods meant more jobs, more opportunity
and more national income to devote to environmental improvement. In short,
I = PAT posited not even a zero-sum society (your gain is my loss), but
a negative-sum society (your gain is always the worlds loss). It
was a cost-benefit analysis in which there was only cost, never benefit.
And it was dead wrong.
Religious
Freedom in Jeopardy? (Susanna Cornett)
The protection religious groups have now is because of our Constitution
the protection of religious freedom and because it is generally
felt even among non-believers that religion on the whole benefits society,
if for no other reason than that it is an expression of our freedom of
speech and pursuit of happiness. What if, as society changes, the religious
practices become more and more out of step with it? I think the response
to what we see in Afghanistan is illustrative. When the media speak about
the oppression of women in Afghanistan, using burkas as a symbol of it,
they don’t separate belief from practice. The problem, as I see it, is
not that women wear burkas, but that the ones who don’t believe it necessary
are forced to do so. Our society, however, can’t quite conceive of women
choosing to live within the restrictions imposed by some of the stricter
Muslim teachings, so we assume that any woman who is living that way is
doing so through force or ignorance. Perhaps that is true in some cases,
but not all. And if we insist that their religious freedoms must stay
within certain boundaries, then how can we preserve the full range of
our own? I’m not advocating, in the Muslim instance, that all manifestations
of Islam should be allowed. Murder of the innocent is always wrong, and
we have a responsibility to stop it. And I’m also not saying that the
teachings of Islam are correct; I don’t believe that’s true. But how we
as a society respond to their religious choices, and how those of us who
are religious respond to evil when we find it in our midst, will shape
the tomorrow for religious freedom in the United States. Losing tax-exempt
status wouldn’t end religious freedom in this country, but it would move
us further down that road, and it’s not a road with easy return. Just
as our right to privacy is in jeopardy from laws passed ostensibly to
give us greater homeland security, so our religious freedoms could suffer
from laws passed to prevent ecclesiastical abuse. I think we stand at
a crossroad; how we call the Catholic Church hierarchy to account for
lies, abuse and years of protecting self at the cost of the innocence
of dozens of young men and women will help determine on which path we
set our feet.
The
Hard Way: Its easier to fight than to pray. So lets pray.
(Peggy Noonan)
So what are we to do? I was daydreaming about all this as I walked
in my neighborhood on Pierrepont Street yesterday, and I found myself
staring at a message someone had drawn onto newly poured concrete: Smile.
Today is what you have. It struck me, naturally, as sentimental
street art. And then I thought no, its both spiritual This
is the day the Lord made / let us rejoice and be glad in it, wrote
the Psalmist and fatalistic.... It is easier to fight than to pray.
In fact its much easier to fight than to pray. Its one of
the reasons we do more of the former than the latter. And fighting is
hard. But its not the hardest thing of all the things we could do.
The hardest thing is this: I have been reading about Karol Wojtyla during
World War II, long before he became Pope John Paul II. Mr. Wojtyla was
in his late teens when the war started, and after the Nazis invaded Poland
he worked manual labor, on the freezing overnight shift at a factory,
outdoors, breaking and carrying rocks.... He helped friends in the Resistance,
but he did not join them. Why? Because, as he told a friend, the only
resistance that would work was asking Gods help. The only
thing that will be effective is prayer. .... Prayer is the hardest
thing. And no one congratulates you for doing it because no one knows
youre doing it, and if things turn out well they likely wont
thank God in any case. But I have a feeling that the hardest thing is
what we all better be doing now, and that its not only the best
answer but the only one.
On
Jew-hatred in Europe (Oriana Fallaci)
I find it shameful that in part through the fault of the left
or rather, primarily through the fault of the left (think of the left
that inaugurates its congresses applauding the representative of the PLO
leader in Italy of the Palestinians who want the destruction of Israel)
Jews in Italian cities are once again afraid. And in French cities
and Dutch cities and Danish cities and German cities, it is the same.
I find it shameful that Jews tremble at the passage of the scoundrels
dressed like suicide bombers just as they trembled during Krystallnacht,
the night in which Hitler gave free rein to the Hunt of the Jews. I find
it shameful that in obedience to the stupid, vile, dishonest, and for
them extremely advantageous fashion of Political Correctness the usual
opportunists or better the usual parasites exploit the word
Peace. That in the name of the word Peace, by now more debauched than
the words Love and Humanity, they absolve one side alone of its hate and
bestiality. That in the name of a pacifism (read conformism) delegated
to the singing crickets and buffoons who used to lick Pol Pot’s feet they
incite people who are confused or ingenuous or intimidated. Trick them,
corrupt them, carry them back a half century to the time of the yellow
star on the coat. These charlatans who care about the Palestinans as much
as I care about the charlatans. That is not at all.
Return
of the Guy (Charlotte Allen)
In the furnaces of September 11, there was suddenly forged a new
social trend: the return of the guy. (Remember that it was four guys who
rushed the terrorists who commandeered United Airlines Flight 93, wrenching
it to the ground near Pittsburgh.) This trend was continued in the war
against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. No one, even NOW, was heard
to gripe that there were no women reported among the U.S. Special Forces
troops fighting hand to hand with militant supporters of Osama bin Laden
during the days after the Taliban fled Kabul. For the first time
in a long time, American heroes are not movie actors or sports figures
or celebrity scandal-survivors, political commentator Andrew Sullivan
wrote in the Sunday Times of London. They are cops
and firemen and special forces soldiers. Their sex is male, and
they do the kind of work that calls on specifically male attributes and
virtues: physical strength, tough fatherly leadership (think of Rudolph
Giuliani), brotherly bonding into fighting units, courage, and blunt compassion.
Welcome back, guys.
The
Big Lie and the Big Lawsuit (Lawrence Henry)
The world has changed, and its a meaner place. Little children
who once would have gathered around a pipe smoker to say, That smells
good and Daddy, why dont you smoke a pipe? now
point fingers and say That stinks! and Youre gonna
die! Carrie Nation and her saloon-busting hatchet are totems of
historical ridicule today. But Carrie Nations heirs in the anti-smoking
movement have tapped into all the same wretched excesses of American culture
bluenosery, totalitarianism, and vandalism. There is a difference,
of course. Todays Carrie Nations have used thirty years of anti-tobacco
jihadery to practice the sinister modern techniques of the Big Lie and
the Big Lawsuit. Along the way, theyve corrupted science, destroyed
objective journalism, and made the truth nothing more than a commodity.
Theyve demonized tens of millions of people and turned tens of millions
more into preening, self-righteous jerks. And of course theyre not
done. Having practiced and perfected their techniques, theyre now
casting around for new targets. Food looms as the most likely. But there
are others, lots of others. I would say that George Orwell himself would
be challenged to describe it all. But of course he wouldnt.
Their
way of life isnt ours (Paul Mulshine)
The problem, if my readings and discussions with American Muslim
political activists are any indication, is that their goals and ours seem
to be mutually exclusive. In our phone conversation, Obeidallah made a
point of insisting that Muslims in America want to live Islam as what
he termed a way of life. I asked him what he meant by that.
Living Islam as a way of life means the leader is actually an Islamist,
he said. It means you must govern by the rules of the Koran and
the rules of the Prophet Mohammed. He is not alone in that view.
When I interviewed another leader of New Jerseys Muslim community,
Yasir El-Menshawy, the president of the New Jersey Council of Mosques
and Islamic Organizations, he also insisted that the Muslim idea of a
religious state is superior to the American idea of a secular state. Muslims
tend to want to have a more complete implementation of Islam running the
affairs of the state, El-Menshawy told me. When I insisted that
the American system of religious freedom is clearly a better one, he responded,
I dont agree the U.S. system is clearly a better system.
I
do have a few things to say now (Jon Carroll)
Listen to me. It doesnt matter whos right. Let me say
that again: Right now, it doesnt matter whos right. Stop with
the screeds. It doesnt matter whos right. Peace making requires
more courage than war making. Peace making require more intelligence than
war making. Peace making requires patience, time, serenity and an open
mind. I know about the numerous failures of peace making in the Mideast.
But if we are to be humans, hope is always an obligation. We must always
start again. We have just lived through a century of mass deaths, deaths
in unimaginable numbers. Six million Jews killed by Nazis, at least 8.5
million people killed by Stalin, 800,000 Armenians murdered by Turks;
100,000 Kurds murdered by Saddam Hussein. One million Cambodians killed
by the Khmer Rouge; 800,000 Tutsis of Rwanda murdered by Hutus in 100
days. Do you know whether the Tutsis or the Hutus had a better claim to
their disputed lands? Are you interested in the validity of the political
claims made by the Armenians? The last two times we entered a world war,
only a few people believed that it would happen. Generals on both sides
of World War I thought it would last six months. At the beginning of World
War II, the British called it the phony war.
The
priceless gift of the priesthood (Fr. William Leahy)
To be a priest requires living a life marked by faith, integrity,
and service, and it offers the possibility for doing so much good and
for helping make God more present in our world. One day this winter I
visited the parents of a recent graduate of Boston College whose son,
like 20 other alumni of our university, was killed in the attack on the
World Trade Center. In grief and pride they told stories about their son,
and showed me photographs, awards, and diplomas that chronicled his young
life. They were speaking to me, I knew, as the president of the institution
their son had loved but also as a priest. They asked if I would like to
go upstairs and see their sons bedroom, which they had kept exactly
as he had left it. Perhaps they would have asked the same of the president
of Harvard University or Stanford University. Perhaps not. But as a priest
I was glad to be there to offer whatever comfort I could. Such moments
have been part of my life as a priest, and as a result I feel truly blessed
by God. I do not deny that there have been times of suffering and sorrow
in my life. Like so many others, I feel betrayed and saddened by the shameful
incidents of sexual misconduct committed by some priests, so devastating
and harmful, especially to children and their families. But I trust that
God and his people will sustain me and my fellow priests, now and in the
future, and that my vocation, with all of its gifts, will never cease
to be the wonderfully fulfilling experience that it is for me today.
A
Plan for the New Millenium (Fr. Robert J. Carr)
The Roman Catholic Church has secularized itself and turned itself
into a corporation. This is the center of the confusion.... We are supposed
to be a community of faith. Ultimately, the issue, therefore, is whether
we are a community of faith or a corporation. It is time to make the choice.
The difference between a corporation and community of faith is all about
how we define our association as members of the Roman Catholic Church.
We were founded for one reason: God so loved the world that in the
fullness of time, he sent his only begotten son that whosoever believes
in him may not die, but have eternal life. We maintain that Jesus
is resurrected. Many outside Christianity do not understand what that
means in the long run, yet to put it simply: Believing in the resurrection
of the dead means to live in a mindset that is so radical that once someone
begins to comprehend this truth, they live their lives in radical ways
not possible prior to that moment. Indeed, it is such a key aspect of
our faith, that St. Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 15 that if Jesus did
not resurrect from the dead, we are wasting our time. I guess that is
the best, yet quite poor, way of explaining what the depth of this fully
inexpressible truth says to us.
Holiness
Is the Key (Fr. Roger Landry)
The only adequate response to this terrible scandal, the only fully
Catholic response to this scandal — as St. Francis of Assisi recognized
in the 1200s, and as countless other saints have recognized in every century
— is holiness! Every crisis that the Church faces, every crisis that the
world faces, is a crisis of saints. Holiness is crucial, because it is
the real face of the Church. There are always people — a priest meets
them regularly, you probably know several of them — who use excuses for
why they dont practice the faith, why they slowly commit spiritual
suicide. It can be because a nun was mean to them when they were 9. Or
because they dont understand the teaching of the Church on a particular
issue — as if any of these reasons would truly justify their lack of practice
of the faith, as if any of them would be able to convince their consciences
not to do what they know they should. There will doubtless be many people
these days — and you will probably meet them — who will say, Why
should I practice the faith, why should I go to Church, since the Church
cant be true if Gods so-called chosen ones can do the types
of things weve been reading about? This scandal is a huge
hanger on which some will try to hang their justification for not practicing
the faith. Thats why holiness is so important. They need to find
in all of us a reason for faith, a reason for hope, a reason for responding
with love to the love of the Lord. The beatitudes which we have in todays
Gospel are a recipe for holiness. We all need to live them more.
March
10, 2002, Homily (Msgr. Thomas Kane)
What do we say? Immorality has no defense, does it? Abuse of minors
has no defense. For our religious leaders, it may be absolutely inexcusable.
And our hearts go out indeed to the victims of child abuse at the hands
of churchmen. I cannot explain the Boston situation satisfactorily, and
I cannot excuse Palm Beach. But as your pastor I should like to share
some personal reflections with which you may identify and, hopefully,
that will ameliorate some of the anguish that we feel – indeed embarrassment,
as Catholics, that we all feel in view of the recent events.... I can
honestly tell you that, after all these years, my idealism about the priesthood
is exactly the same as it was when I served mass as a kid. It has not
deteriorated. It has not been jeopardized. It has not diminished. And
I think I can speak from the experience of knowing maybe 3,000 priests,
and therefore knowing more of abuses than the average person would. And
nonetheless to say unhesitatingly to you, the priesthood in its ideals,
in its ministry, in its practice, is no less good, holy and outreaching
as you ever thought it was. I say that to you as one whos seen much
of the sordid side of the life, sometimes, of my brothers, but also to
reassure you that you are not to be disillusioned by the stories of the
New York Times or Time magazine or the Washington Post or Boston Globe.
You are not to be disillusioned. The priesthood is everything I thought
it was as a kid, and from that vantage point of many years later, I would
like to assure you that we are in this thing with you, we suffer with
you, we know that embarrassment that you face, when maybe members of our
faith nod knowingly to you, when those who are critical, when those who
would smirk, when those who are cynical – Id like to just say to
you: We know we have our problems, but we have a priesthood that is as
dedicated and holy and generous as ever it was.
What
the Titanic teaches (Stephen Cox)
Investigation revealed that the Titanic had been following normal
navigational practices and that she was equipped with more than normal
safety features including 200 more lifeboat spaces than government
regulations required. In fact, more than 400 of the Titanics lifeboat
spaces were never used. A very large ship, like a very large plane, is
hard to evacuate completely; even if the Titanic had provided lifeboat
spaces equal to the number of passengers, there would not have been enough
time to use them all. No plans or regulations can guarantee that any vessel
or any human enterprise is completely safe. Every action,
even the apparently obvious action of turning a ship to evade an iceberg,
carries with it an incalculable risk. And our moral decisions are just
as risky as our practical decisions. The Titanic continues to fascinate
the world because it raised this essential fact to the highest pitch of
dramatic intensity. The Titanic sank [Apr. 14-15, 1912] in two hours and
forty minutes the length of a classic play. During that time, everyone
involved in the disaster had to ask the most basic questions about what
life is worth and what means may be used to save it. People had time to
think, observe, reflect; but they finally had to decide, irrevocably,
what they ought to do. Their decisions were as various as the individuals
themselves.
Its
a war, not a grudge match (George Jonas)
In his Rose Garden speech on April 4 announcing Mr. Powells
mission, the President struck a lyrical note: America itself counts
former adversaries as trusted friends Germany and Japan and now
Russia, Mr. Bush said. Conflict is not inevitable. Distrust
need not be permanent. Peace is possible when we break free of old patterns
and habits of hatred. What Mr. Bush failed to mention was that Germany
was flattened and de-Nazified before it became Americas trusted
friend; imperial Japan was nuked, and Soviet Russia had imploded. The
friendship of these nations was preceded by a complete collapse and fundamental
restructuring of their respective societies. One wishes the Mideast conflict
were just a grudge match between two old men. Unfortunately, it isnt.
Its a war between the Jewish state and those who have been trying
to reject it for the past 54 years. Despite Mr. Bushs uplifting
speech, Mr. Powell probably lacks the illusions of Neville Chamberlain.
He isnt going to Ramallah as Chamberlain went to Munich in 1938,
with the lofty hope for peace in our time. Mr. Powell is hoping
only for a licence from the Arab world to wage his own war in peace. He
wants to finish a job in Iraq he left unfinished a decade ago.
Evils
triumph over conscience (Norman Doidge)
Spooked, America is unwilling to let Israel end Arafats reign
of terror. Washington has retreated into approaching him with a kind of
primitive behaviour-therapy that says, If he renounces terror
or If he controls terror, then we will talk to him. It is
as though all that matters is to get him to say the right words, never
mind his intentions; as if no distinction need be drawn between his strategic
goal the destruction of Israel and a tactical willingness
to say he opposes terror (when a lie serves his strategy). Arafat has
discovered, as Shakespeare understood, that the more brazen and relentless
ones acts of brutality, the more likely it is that one will be allowed
a second chance, and find even powerful men of conscience coming to ones
door offering to forget, to forgive and to give forgiveness a bad name.
How
white liberals destroyed black families (Anthony Covington)
It would be nice to put the blame for inequality of incomes between
African, Euro- and Asian Americans squarely where it belongs. Not on white
racism, the legacy of slavery and other dead or dying
nebulae, but on poor old Dad wherever he is. Even he is not the
real villain. Rather, the most blame falls on American Democratic politicians
between 1949-1999, including Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter
and Bill Clinton. Their allies in the American left-wing devised the welfare
state, an institution that wrecked the African-American family better
than slavery or racism ever did. Hold on, I hear you say,
that sounds upside down? However, consider this; it is not
colour, religion or your education in the USA that makes you more likely
to end up in poverty, unemployed, on drugs and in crime. It is not having
a father. Fatherless families of whatever colour in the USA make up 70
per cent of criminals, drifters, unemployed and failures. Parenting and
not race is the major factor undeniably so. Study after study confirms
it.
The
death of socialism (Roger Kimball)
It is one of the great ironies of modern history that socialism,
which promises a more humane, caring, and equitable society, has consistently
delivered a more oppressive and mismanaged one. Socialisms motto
Muravchik optimistically offers it to us as socialism’s epitaph
turns out to be: If you build it, they will leave.
If, one must add, they are allowed to leave. As Muravchik reminds us in
this excellent survey of socialist personalities and socialist experiments,
encouraging dissent is never high on a socialists agenda. The socialist
pretends to have glimpsed paradise on earth. Those who decline the invitation
to embrace the vision are not just ungrateful: they are traitors to the
cause of human perfection. Dissent is therefore not mere disagreement
but treachery. Treachery is properly met not with arguments but (as circumstances
permit) the guillotine, the concentration camp, the purge.
Understanding
history (Balint Vazsonyi)
At last, reparations for slavery have taken center-stage. It has
been like waiting for the other shoe to drop, ever since the United States
decided to compensate persons of Japanese ancestry for their treatment
following Pearl Harbor. Once we accepted the proposition whereby the attitudes
of the present, though no less transitory than those of the past, should
nonetheless be applied to the past, we mortgaged the future. We can no
more relive the past than foretell the future. The appropriate expression
of disagreement with the ways of the past is to change those ways in the
present, for what we believe will be a better future. Attempts at rectifying
the past are bound to fail because, owing to obvious limitations, they
have to be selective. Unavoidably, what we see as old injustices will
result in new injustices.
The
Mau-Mauing at Harvard (John McWhorter)
The campus race game has largely prevented any sustained investigation
into what if anything Afro-American studies programs actually
accomplish academically. The assumption in the mainstream press during
the West-Summers contretemps was that the intellectual quality of Harvards
Afro-American studies was unassailable. Unfortunately, thats far
from true. Survey the departments undergraduate curriculum, and
you find that most of the courses express the pernicious belief that victimhood
defines what it means to be African-American that to be black in
America has always been a story of betrayal, disappointment, passivity,
and tragedy, and that when things seem to be improving, its only
an illusion.
Hunt
the Boeing! (Urban Legends Reference Pages)
The notion that the Pentagon was not damaged by terrorists who hijacked
American Airlines Flight 77 (a Boeing 757) and crashed it into the military
office complex, but that the whole affair was staged by the U.S. government,
has been promulgated by French author Thierry Meyssan in his book, The
Frightening Fraud. Meyssan offers no real explanation for what
did cause the extensive damage to the Pentagon, asserting only that Flight
77 did not exist, no plane crashed into the Pengaton, and that the
American government is lying. Unfortunately, the appeal of conspiracy
theories has resulted in widespread dissemination of Meyssans theory
in France and the USA, particularly in web sites that mirror his work.
As Le Nouvel Observateur noted: This theory suits everyone
there are no Islamic extremists and everyone is happy. It eliminates
reality. The text cited in the example above comes from a
Hunt the Boeing! And test your perceptions! web site, one of
the English-language mirrors of Meyssans claims, where readers are
invited to ponder a series of questions about why photographs of the damaged
Pentagon seemingly show no evidence of a crashed airplane. The answers
to the questions are....
Are
Michael Bellesiless Critics Afraid to Say What They Really Think?
(Jerome Sternstein)
Has the time come to ask if Michael Bellesiless Arming
America is an example of scholarly deceit? Some defenders of Bellesiless
work have insisted in various forums that Bellesiless critics have
yet to bring forth any evidence to suggest scholarly fraud. Recently,
in making his case, one apologist pointed to the searching examinations
of Bellesiless book in the January 2002 issue of the William
and Mary Quarterly (WMQ), which, although severely critical,
eschews charges of fraud or misrepresentation. To be sure, charges
of fraud do not appear in the Quarterlys forum on Bellesiles.
But what is truly remarkable about that forum is what does appear there:
scathing appraisals of his books misuse of sources and evidence
which some might regard as consistent with academic fraud, such as repeatedly
misquoting, distorting, falsifying, or perhaps even deliberately inventing
evidence to support ones thesis.
The
slavery reparations hustle (Jeff Jacoby)
Dont bother telling the plaintiffs who sued last month to
collect reparations for slavery from three US corporations that they dont
have a legal leg to stand on. They already know it. After all, you dont
need a law degree to recognize that FleetBoston, CSX, and Aetna bear no
legal culpability today because of lawful activities their corporate ancestors
may have engaged in two centuries ago. Even unlawful activities were long
ago mooted by statutes of limitations. And in any case, none of the companies
being sued and none of their living shareholders has ever owned or trafficked
in slaves, just as none of the plaintiffs and none of the 36 million black
Americans whose interests they claim to represent has ever been held in
bondage. These specious lawsuits will never win. But then, they were never
expected to. The plaintiffs and their lawyers make no secret of the fact
that their goal is not to win a legal verdict but to pressure the companies
into making lucrative out-of-court settlements. If they balk, the lawyers
PR machine will generate ugly publicity about the companies insensitivity
to African-Americans. Set up pickets outside their corporate headquarters.
Threaten a national boycott. Maybe arrange a public denunciation by Al
Sharpton or the Congressional Black Caucus. It isnt hard to mau-mau
corporate America if you know how to play the race card.
Big
earners hit hard by income tax (Houston Chronicle)
Another way the rich are different: They pay the lions share
of the nations income tax bill. The wealthiest 5 percent pay more
than half the taxes, while people in the bottom half pay 4 percent. The
annual federal tax deadline for most of America is next Monday. Two-income
households are increasing, putting more families in the top slice of taxpayers.
Millions of small businesses and partnerships are up there, too, paying
personal instead of corporate income taxes. Many other people were boosted
by the 1990s stock market boom. President Bushs big tax cut will
prevent the wealthy from paying an even greater share in coming years.
But key provisions, such as the doubling of the child tax credit, will
cut or eliminate income taxes for many middle-income people, while the
rich wont qualify.
Congress
Sets Record for Pork Spending (FOXNews)
A war and a recession did not stop Congress from doling out the
pork for special hometown projects, a government watchdog is reporting
Tuesday. Citizens Against Government Waste is releasing its annual Pig
Book, a listing of what it calls the most egregious examples of
special interest spending. The results are grim, but not surprising, group
officials said. Taxpayers will be disappointed, said Thomas
Schatz, president of CAGW. Here they are, sitting around doing their
taxes a good time to be thinking what theyre getting for
their money, and in this case its a pretty bad deal. According
to the group, members of Congress seem to be the only ones not tightening
their belts since the economy took a downturn and the country started
fighting a war against terrorism. Pork that is, excessive spending
for members pet projects, which usually grease the skids for special
interest and hometown support increased 9 percent in fiscal year
2002 to $20 billion. The number of pork projects increased 32 percent
to a total of 8,341.
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